Middle+Ages

Activity 2 __PPT 1__

1.The Roman Empire fell due to outside attacks and disease that were brought on by trade. 2. Example 1: It means nobody is above the law, not the king, not the senate, not the people, not the police. Example 2: Laws are written down and must be respected. 3. For safety and for defense, people in the Middle Ages formed small communities around a central lord or master. Most people lived on a manor, (the castle, the church, the village, and the surrounding farm land. These manors were isolated, with occasional visits from peddlers, pilgrims on their way to the Crusades, or soldiers from other fiefdoms. 4. The Knights responsibilities were to let serfs work the land and in return they would protect them. 5. 1066 William of Normandy invaded England. 6. Battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East. 7. The period that best describes the time of Greece and Rome 500 B.C.- 600 A.D. 8. It was signed in the year 1215. 9. The Church was so powerful in Western Civilization. The Church was led by Popes. Priests and nuns converted, gave care to people.Monks were spiritual leaders. They lived in monasteries that acted like trade schools and YMCAs. They spent years transcribing the Bible since the printing press wasn’t used in Europe yet.

__PPT 2 __

Define - __Dark Ages__ - (500 CE- 1000 CE)- scholars named this as a time when the forces of darkness (barbarians) overwhelmed the forces of light (Romans) __Barbarian__ - a person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized person. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Heresy__ - Roman Catholic Church. The willful and persistent rejection of any article of faith by a baptized member of the church. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Monks__ - were people who gave up worldly possessions and devote themselves to <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">a religious life. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Justinian Code__ - or “Body of Civil Law” that defined civil law in the Middle Ages and the modern world. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Salic Law__ - assigned a specific financial value to everyone and everything; concept of trial options (trial by oath and trial by ordeal) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Primogeniture__ - system where eldest son inherited everything (instead of dividing land / property / wealth). <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Fief__ - land given by a lord in return for a vassal’s military service and oath of loyalty. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Tithe__- tax that serfs paid (tax or rent) <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Serf__ - aka villains or common peasants who worked the lords land. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Corvee__ - condition of unpaid labor by serfs (maintaining roads or ditches on a manor).

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Who were - <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__St. Augustine__ – was a person who wrote “confessions” which talked about the ideas of ethic, self knowledge, and the role of the free will which shaped monastic influence and the influence of the church. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Justinian the Great__ – was the Byzantine Emperor his goal to reunite the Roman world as a Christian Empire and suppressed all paganism <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Clovis I__ – was a man who united Frankish Tribes and expanded territory. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__Charlemagne__ – was a military general who restored Pope Leo III who had been exiled. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">__William the Conqueror__ – was the King of England from Christmas, 1066 until his death. He was also William II, Duke of Normandy, from 3 July 1035 until his death.

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">1. Barbarians were a person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized person. They were known as the forces of darkness during the Dark Ages. Due to the Rise of influence of barbarians as Roman Emperors they had granted barbarian mercenaries land with the Roman Empire in return for military service and it was these barbarians who eventually became the new rulers <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. Church was granted favors by Roman Emperors / Kings and in return the Church would endorse kings to help secure their rule and Kings looked to Church to supply educated administrators to help run kingdoms and in return kings would enforce laws that prohibited other religions <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. Monasticism is the religious practice in which someone renounces worldly pursuits to fully devote their life to spiritual work. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. Feudalism worked because of the notion of mutual obligation, or voluntary co-operation from serf to noble. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. The plague was a deadly disease that killed about a third of Europe’s population, an estimated 34 million people. The effects of the disease were it caused massive depopulation and change in social structure, weakened influence of Church, originated in Asia but was blamed on Jews and lepers <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. I think the most important was invention, because it was the solution and thought of what was created and it is what made a big impact in society.

__<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">PPT 3 __

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿1. Feudalism was a social, political, and economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">2. The economic portion of feudalism was centered on the lord's estates or manor, and is called manorialism. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">3. The church had economic power and political power. The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">4. The reasons for the crusades was the The Pope wanted to increase his power, Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land, nobles wanted to gain wealth, adventurers sought travel and excitement, Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">5. The impact of trade fairs was that it fundamentally altered the way people lived in Europe, and marked the beginning of the end of feudalism as serfs began to pay their feudal obligations with cash instead of service. An economy based on money, not barter emerged <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">6. Renaissance means “rebirth”. It was a golden age in the arts, literature and sciences. It started in Italy because Italy had great Urban Centers, Wealthy Merchant Class and Classical Heritage. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">7. Some of the new outlooks were -


 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Patrons of Arts, Church spent money beautifying Rome. Wealthy families supported artists, Renaissance man, Ideal individual strove to master all areas of study, “Universal man”, Renaissance woman, inspire but not create art
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Less influential than middle age women
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Enjoyment of Worldly Pleasures

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">8. Some of the greatest paintings, sculptures, and architecture in the history of the world during the time of Renaissance such as the Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">9. The impact of the pinting press was that by 1300 papermaking and print technology had reached Europe from China. Books become more available. Literacy increased and ideas spread rapidly because there was more than one source now were people could find and display thoughts and ideas. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">10. Reformation was the Loss of religious and political unity in Western Europe. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">11. In 1517 a German monk, named Martin Luther posted his famous 95 Theses against indulgences. It promoted radical idea that faith in God alone, not the Pope granted pardon for sins which is what sparked Protestant Reformation. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">12. Counter Reformation was a reform movement that took place in the Catholic Church. The purpose was to strengthen the Catholic Church and keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism.

=Activity 4= ==

=﻿Activity 5=

=Black Death=